Monster by Walter Dean Myers A Teen Book Review

In 1999, in his young adult book Monster, Walter Dean Myers introduced readers to a young man named Steve Harmon. Steve, sixteen and in prison awaiting a murder trial, is an African American teen and a product of inner city poverty and circumstance. In this story, Steve retells the events leading up to the crime and narrates the prison and courtroom drama while trying to determine if what the prosecutor said about him is true. Is he really a monster? Learn more about this award-winning book that gives a disturbing inside account about a teen struggling to prove to himself that he’s not what everyone thinks him to be. Summary of Monster Steve Harmon, a 16-year-old African-American teen from Harlem, is awaiting trial for his role as an accomplice in a drugstore robbery that ended in murder.  Before being imprisoned, Steve enjoyed amateur filmmaking and while in confinement decides to write his experience in prison as a movie script. In a movie script format, Steve gives readers an account of the events leading up to the crime.  As narrator, director and star of his story, Steve navigates readers through the events of the courtroom and discussions with his attorney. He directs camera angles at various characters in the story from the judge, to witnesses, and to the other teens involved in the crime. Readers are given a front seat to the personal dialogue Steve has with himself through diary entries he tucks in among the script. Steve writes this note to himself, â€Å"I want to know who I am. I want to know the road to panic that I took. I want to look at myself a thousand times to look for one true image.†   Is Steve innocent of his part in the crime? Readers must wait until the end of the story to  find out  Steve’s courtroom and personal verdict. About the Author, Walter Dean Myers Walter Dean Myers writes gritty urban fiction that depicts life for African American teens growing up in inner city neighborhoods.  His characters know poverty, war, neglect, and the street life. Using his writing talents, Myers has become the voice for many African American teens and he creates characters to whom they can connect or relate. Myers, also raised in Harlem, recalls his own teen years and the difficulty of rising above the pull of the streets.  As a young boy, Myers struggled in school, got into several fights, and found himself in trouble on many occasions. He credits reading and writing as his lifelines.   For more recommended fiction by Myers, read reviews of Shooter and Fallen Angels. Awards and Book Challenges Monster has won several notable awards including the 2000 Michael L. Printz Award, the 2000 Coretta Scott King Honor Book Award and was a 1999 National Book Award Finalist. Monster is also listed on several book lists as a best book for young adults and a best book for reluctant readers. Along with the prestigious awards, Monster has also been the target of several book challenges in school districts across the country. While not listed on the American Library Associations frequently challenged book list,  the American Booksellers For Freedom of Expression (ABFFE)  has followed Monsters book challenges.  One book challenge came from parents in the Blue Valley School District in Kansas who want to challenge the book for the following reasons: vulgar language, sexual explicitness,  and violent imagery that is gratuitously employed. Despite the various book challenges to Monster, Myers continues to write stories that depict the realities of growing up impoverished and in dangerous neighborhoods. He continues to write the stories that many teens  want to read. Recommendation and Review Written in a unique format with a compelling storyline, Monster is guaranteed to engage teen readers.  Whether or not Steve is innocent is the big hook in this story. Readers are invested in learning about the crime, the evidence, the testimony, and the other teens involved in order to find out if Steve is innocent or guilty. Because the story is written as a movie script, readers will find the actual reading of the story fast and easy to follow. The story gains momentum as little details are revealed about the nature of the crime and Steve’s connection to the other characters involved.  Readers will grapple with determining  whether Steve  is a sympathetic or trustworthy character. The reality that this story could be ripped from the headlines makes it a book that most teens, including struggling readers, will enjoy reading. Walter Dean Myers is a renowned author and all his teen books should be recommended reading. He understands the urban life that some African American teens experience and through his writing he gives them a voice as well as an audience who can better understand their world. Myerss books take on serious issues facing teens such as poverty, drugs, depression, and war and make these topics accessible. His candid approach hasn’t gone unchallenged, but his forty years of longstanding work has not gone unnoticed by his teen readers nor by award committees.  Monster is recommended by publishers for ages 14 and up. (Thorndike Press, 2005. ISBN: 9780786273638). Sources: Walter Dean Myers Websiteï » ¿, ABFFE

The Cave Paintings, A Form Of Rock Art ( Keegan, 2014 )

Through history, we have seen the use of communication and how it evolved from the early eras to this very modern day. The oldest known symbols created with the purpose of communication through time are the cave paintings, a form of rock art (Keegan, 2014). Then came the use of petroglyphs (carvings on rock surface), pictograms (symbols representing objects, concepts and activities), and ideograms (graphical symbols representing data). What followed is the cuneiform system, whose original form began in the late Neolithic period and is believed to have first been invented by the Sumerians. After some time, these forms of writing eventually evolved into pure alphabets, thus, completing the three broad categories of writing: logographic,†¦show more content†¦When people communicate, they don’t just talk and say words. Usually, it is a two-way process involving a sender and a receiver. Communication is so powerful that one cannot not communicate. Activity or inactivity, words or silence all have message value. They influence others and these others, in return, cannot not respond to these communicators and are themselves communicating (Latzwick, Beavin and Jackson, 1969). Communication is also closely associated with one’s definition of self. Individuals gain a sense of self-identity by being paid attention to and getting feedback from others. Therefore, one’s sense of power starts at communication (Tubbs and Moss 2000). Communication is important in both the personal and professional field. The way you speak holds colossal power. It has power to tap new opportunities, or to shut the open doors; the power to build trust, and the power to ruin it; the power to generate new action, and the power to fail it (Paliwal n.d.). In the professional world, communication is constantly cited as one of the most important skills in getting ahead. It has been found that interpersonal communication, relationship building, leadership, teamwork, network, and persuasion were among the most important skills for job performance and career success. Moreover, communication is vital in leadership. As mentioned by Garcia (2012), â€Å"Communication Is a Leadership Discipline: Whatever else leadership may be, it is experienced publicly.

Mystery to the story Essay Example For Students

Mystery to the story Essay This film begins with an old lady telling the story of Edward to her grand child which is probably set in present day and after being given a shot from the mansion looking down towards suburbia and then cutting to a sunny day in suburbia which is set around the 70s (roughly) we are taken back in time to tell a story which adds a real feeling of a fairy tale effect to the film. This first scene and a few flash backs later on in the film is the only thing that makes it non-linear but not in any large way. There is very little that isnt actually shown to the audience instead of just having characters talk about key events that may have happened off screen. Certain events that happen in the first 15 minuets are created so they can be relevant to events later in the film. These events could be warnings of things to come or they could show characters weaknesses and how they will effect them. When Edward sees the picture of Kim it is obvious this is going to come up later in the film or when Edward is first discovered by Peg he briefly mentioned how his Father (His inventor) didnt wake up which adds mystery to the story. There are other times we are given warnings of things to come, E.g. When Edward is riding in the car with Peg he tries to put his head out of the window but ends up hitting his head on the glass, A sign that Edward cant deal with this life style that he has been introduced to. This theory is backed up when Pat shows Edward to his room that consists of a water bed, Obviously this is maybe the worst sort of bed Edward could sleep in (The bed could represent the suburban life style) and secondly Peg doesnt even seem to think about the fact that Edward may have problems sleeping on the bed (In the same way she doesnt think that maybe Edward wont fit into the suburban life style). The way space is structured in certain parts of this film is very important, The Scene where Peg finds Edward in a Giant loft starts with her entering the loft there is a cut to a wide shot of the whole loft which makes Peg seem very small. These sort of shots continue until Edward begins to approach Peg and as he does the camera pans towards him creating even less space to be seen in the shot, After Edward reaches Pat there are no more wide shots as before and also Edward never really leaves Pegs side for the rest of the 15 minuets which confines them both to a very small space. E.g. when they are in the car together. In some ways when all of the close up shots begin we are shown that now Edward is in suburbia he is no longer Free in the same way he was in the empty loft even though he was alone. In conclusion this first 15 minuets is what creates the plot, Atmosphere and characters for the rest of the film and must be done correctly to inform the audience of what they need to know for the rest of the film. It also sets the path for a non-conventional ending.

Misperceptions Cold War

Introduction Historians attribute the occurrence of the conflicts in the 20th and 21st centuries to misperceptions among the nations. In this view, historians argue that Word War I, World War II, and the Cold War among significant wars rode on misperceptions among the major nations of the world. Misperception is a nation’s wrongful interpretation of the other nations in terms of actions and behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Misperceptions: Cold War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The misperception between the Soviet Union and U.S after the WW II was the main cause of Cold War. After the WW II, the America rose to become the most powerful nation in the world, however, the USSR perceived this negatively, which resulted into fierce rivalry between the two nations and the war hang on this misperception. Misperception; the cause of the Cold War After the WW II, America emerged the most powerful country . Being the most powerful in the world therefore, the U.S was determined to spread the doctrine of capitalism to most nations in Europe. The USSR perceived this move as the United States’ attempt to control and colonize the other nations. Since colonization and its effects, had spread across the world towards the end of First World War, USSR did not want the U.S. to bring back such situation in the world. In response, USSR began to spread communism to the close allies of the U.S. According to Ingimundarson, â€Å"the Soviet Union started to spread communism to the Western Europe countries, which were U.S capitalist territories† (1994, p.56). Since the U.S was committed to combat any international influence in the region, severe rivalry between the two powers arose. Because of the superiority the U.S had gained in terms of economics and politics, USSR viewed it as a threat to communism in the world. In order to strengthen communism, USSR stretched beyond Europe with par ticular target to the U.S capitalist territories. This led to clash of the two powers in Asia where communism controlled China and Korea. On its side, the U.S viewed USSR’s communism as outdated and autocratic and the U.S authorities had to do whatever possible to decimate its spread. The U.S government developed Marshal Plan through which it provided support to the European nations and the rest of the world to discourage the spread of communism and embrace capitalism. Therefore, the rivalries preceding the Cold War were result of misperceptions between the USSR and US.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two powers misperceived the technological advancement by the either side. In a step to strengthen its security, USSR invested significantly in military technologies. It was the first to design one of the most powerful weapons in history. In fact, the U.S started making hydrogen bombs immediately after USSR had constructed its own. The U.S perceived the USSR’s military expansion as a threat to its security and that of the world. As a result, the U.S government strongly invested in armament and by the end of 1980’s, its nuclear arsenal had greatly grown. Economically, the U.S technological advancement in economy elicited uncertainties to the USSR authorities. To USSR, the economic expansion aimed to attract the third world countries into capitalism. Since the expansion of capitalism created discontent among the Soviets, they developed competitive economic strategies. This further increased rivalry between the two nations, which precipitated into Cold war. Stein clarifies that, â€Å"in order to maintain its economic dominance in Europe, America developed the Marshal Plan that offered financial support to these regions to ensure that they purchased the U.S products† (1992, p. 470). However, Soviet Union viewed this as a means to spread Am erica’s dominance in the world. The plausible truth is; America’s Marshal Plan was just a marketing strategy to capture and control a considerable international market. The plan did not aim to colonize any country at all. Due to their misperception, USSR vetoed its states from this plan. The continued logic implantations between the belligerents resulted into growth in antagonism. The antagonistic activities led to formation of two rival groups in the world: the communist and the capitalist communities. The division of Germany into West and East blocks through the Berlin wall evidenced this rivalry. Conclusion The wrongful judgment of the other nations and their acts is what historians refer to as misperception. The Cold War occurred as result of the misperception between the USSR and the U.S. The Soviet Union viewed the U.S economic expansion as strategy to colonize the world while the U.S perceived the USSR’s communism as a threat to the expansion of capitalis m.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Misperceptions: Cold War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the U.S viewed USSR’s military advancement as a threat to its close allies such as Western Europe and Asia. The U.S technological advancement elicited discontent among the Soviet Union territories and resulted into competitive responses. The Soviet Union’s ascend into the moon was purposely to set standards and challenge the U.S technological achievements. Because of these misperceptions, rivalry grew between the belligerents in support of their ideological allies. These rivalries led into splitting of Germany. They further resulted into arm’s race between the capitalists and communists, which culminated into what historians have come to refer to as the Cold War. It is therefore justifiable that misperception played a major role in the Cold war. References Ingimundarson, V. (1994). Cold War Misperceptions: The Communist and Western Responses to the East German Refugee Crisis in 1953. Journal of  Contemporary History, 29(3), 463-481. Stein, A. A. (1992). When Misperception Matters. Journal of World Politics, 34(4), 41-103. This essay on Misperceptions: Cold War was written and submitted by user Teagan Cantrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Christmas Tree Elephant Toothpaste Chemistry Demo

Christmas Tree Elephant Toothpaste Chemistry Demo Did you know you can do the elephant toothpaste demonstration to make a Christmas tree holiday chemistry demonstration? Its extremely easy, plus it makes an excellent demo to do before the  holiday break! Christmas Tree Elephant Toothpaste Materials There are a few ways to set this up to make a Christmas tree. The key is to add green food coloring to get the tree effect and then either perform the demonstration in an erlenmeyer flask, which naturally produces the tree shape, or else perform the reaction in a tube with a tree template placed over it. You can make a tree shape from aluminum foil, with slots cut up the side and an opening at the top to force the foam from the reaction out into the proper shape. 50 ml of detergent100 ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide10 ml of a saturated solution of potassium iodidegreen food coloringerlenmeyer flask or homemade Christmas tree model Procedure Place the erlenmeyer or your Christmas tree container on the lab bench. Add the detergent, peroxide and food coloring.Pour the potassium iodide solution into this mixture to catalyze the reaction.Optionally, touch a glowing splint to the foam tree to relight the splint and demonstrate that the bubbles are filled with oxygen. Safety Information Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizer. This demonstration uses a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide than the home variety, which means you need to wear gloves to protect your hands against an accidental splash or spill, which could cause a burn. Chemistry Hydrogen peroxide is catalytically decomposed into water and oxgen. This is a nice example of an exothermic reaction. The audience will be able to see steam rising from the foam. The overall equation for the elephant toothpaste chemical reaction is: 2 H2O2(aq) → 2 H2O(l) O2(g) The decomposition reaction of the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen is catalzyed by the iodide ion. H2O2(aq) I-(aq) → OI-(aq) H2O(l) H2O2(aq) OI-(aq) → I-(aq) H2O(l) O2(g) Dishwashing detergent is added to capture the oxygen and form bubbles. This is an exothermic reaction which may produce steam. Kid-Friendly Version of the Demonstration If you cant obtain 30% hydrogen peroxide or simply want a demonstration that is safe enough for kids to perform, you can perform an easy variation of this demonstration: detergentwarm water3% hydrogen peroxide (the type sold at pharmacies)pack of active yeast (from a grocery store)green food coloring In an erlenmeyer or tree-shaped container, mix together 1/4 cup detergent, 1/2 cup of the 3% hydrogen peroxide and several drops of green food coloring.In a separate container, stir the packet of yeast into a small amount of warm water. Allow 5 minutes for the yeast to activate before proceeding with the demonstration.Perform the demonstration by pouring the yeast mixture into the peroxide and detergent mixture. This reaction does not produce the huge volume of foam of the traditional elephant toothpaste reaction, but all of the chemicals are safe enough for kids to handle. In this reaction, yeast catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas: 2H2O2 → 2H2O O2(g) As in the other reaction, the detergent captures the oxygen to form bubbles. Less foam is produced because there is a smaller amount of hydrogen peroxide to decompose. Learn More Red and Green Color Change Christmas DemonstrationElephant Toothpaste VariationsBorax Crystal Snowflake Decoration

Calculating Questions on ACT Science Interpolating and Extrapolating From Data

Calculating Questions on ACT Science Interpolating and Extrapolating From Data SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In these questions, math meets science. You might be thinking, â€Å"Wait, but the ACT Science section doesn’t let you use your calculator!†This is true! And this means the ACT Science questions that require calculations will only require very simple math that you can do by hand or in your head. Calculation questions require you to find a specific value based on the figures provided. However, the value will not be shown in the figure.Using the information you are given, you will need to predict what would happen past the edges of the graph or between values on a table.In this article, I'm going to cover interpolations and extrapolations, along with tips and realistic ACT Science practice questions. Interpolations The word itself seems complicated, but it simply means calculations of numbers between known data points (which are provided in the visuals).Let’s check out this ACT Science practice question: Start by trying to locate the relevant data (aka the data mentioned in the question, the average change in AGTB at 75 m from the nearest clearing) in this scatterplot: After examining the scatterplot, I see there are points marked at 70 and 80 m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing, but not at 75 m, this gap in data is what makes this an interpolation question! You have the data that surround the point, but you need to figure out what the point is. What mathematical calculation could you do (using the data you do have) to find the approximate average change in AGTB at 75 m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing?Perhaps, averaging the average change in AGTB for 70 m and 80 m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing?At 70m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing, the average change in AGTB is about -3.1.At 80m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing, the average change in AGTB is -2.2. Now, calculate using the average formula: Sum of the values / (divided by) the number of values: ((-2.2) + (-3.1)) / 2 = -5.2 / 2 = -2.6 Then, compare it to the answer choices: so, the answer is G. ACT Science Tip #1: even if you were a little off in your data grabbing (let’s say you said at 80m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing, the average change in AGTB was -2.1), you see the answer choices are widespread enough that you will get the answer choice right by just picking the answer closest to the average you found in your calculations. ACT Science Tip #2: There is an alternate method to solve these questions when the answer choices are widespread (as they are in the question above). You can simply draw a line connecting the dots in the scatterplot, and then, you approximate the point at 75 m from the center of the plot to the nearest clearing. See my example below: Using this method, you can approximate the average change in AGTB at -2.8. This is closest to answer G, so that is the correct answer. Through this method, you find the answer a lot quicker. However, as I said before, this will only work for widespread answers. If -2.9 had been an answer, this method would not have been very effective, as you may have chosen incorrectly. So only use this method if the answer choices are widespread. Otherwise, stick to theprocess that will always work to answer these questions: Find the relevant data (two data pointsequidistant from the point in question) Average the data together to find the approximate value for the midpoint. Find the closest (or hopefully matching) answer This process gets a little trickierin extrapolations, in which we'll calculate data that is beyond the bounds of what we're given. Extrapolations In order to show how extrapolation works, we are going to work through an ACT Science practice question: Using this table to answer the question: This extrapolation, like all extrapolations, requires identifying a pattern in the data and predicting the next step in that pattern (in whichever direction the question's data lies).These patterns will always be relatively simple, so the steps we take are also relatively simple: Steps for every extrapolation question Pinpoint what we're figuring out: is it a value more or less than what we are given? Identify the relationship between 2 consecutive data points in the table or graph (it doesn't matter which points we use, as long as they are consecutive) Find the relationship between the data in the question and the data in the table Apply the pattern in the table to the new data point Let’s follow these steps to solve the ACT Science practice question above:We're figuring out the density that would match 67.54 g of solution in the graduated cylinder according to the table.The relationship between 60.63 g of solution (the second to last entry in the table) and 64.64 g (the last entry in the table) is +4.01 g of mass and +0.08 g/ml of density. The 67.54 g of solution (from the question) is above the highest step 64.64 g in the table. Figure out the exact mass difference between the two: 67.54-64.64 = 2.9 2.9 g is the mass difference as opposed to 4.01 g between the last and second to last entry.Between the second to last entry and last entry there was a +0.08 g/ml change in density.Since there is a slightly smaller mass change (about  ¾ the amount of change between the last and second to last entry), the density change will be slightly smaller (about  ¾ the amount of change between the last and second to last entry). So, the change should be about +0.06 g/ml.Add that to the last density value in the table (1.29). 1.29 + 0.06 = 1.35 g/ml So, the answer is H.Again, even if you were slightly off, you would have been closest to that answer choice. If you feel unsure of this process, you're about to get some more practice in extrapolating information. Check out this ACT Science practice question: Again, we follow the same steps:We need to use the table above.The highest given capacitance is 1.2 x 10^-6, and we are asked about 1.5 x 10^-6.The time for 1.2x 10^-6 was 8.3 seconds.The second highest given capacitance was 0.6 x 10^-6, and the time for it was 4.2 seconds.The difference in time between 1.2 and 0.6 (the second highest given capacitance) is 8.3 - 4.2 seconds.So the difference is +4.1 seconds. Recap I hope you feel like a calculating machine!For every interpolation question, Find the relevant data (two data pointsequidistant from the point in question). Average the data together to find the approximate value for the midpoint. Find the closest (or hopefully matching) answer. For every extrapolation question, Pinpoint what we're figuring out, is it a value more or less than what we are given? Identify the relationship between 2 consecutive data points in the table or graph. How much does the y-valueincrease or decrease as the x-value increases? Find the relationship between the data in the question and the data in the table. For example, is the data in the question 5 more or less than the data in the table? Apply the pattern in the table to the new data point. Findthe closest (or hopefully matching) answer. What’s Next? Now that you're a calculating machine learn about the other types of questions on the ACT Science section such asfactual questions,interpreting trends questions, experimental design questions, and interpreting experiments questions. In a hurry to study for the ACT? Learnhow to cram. Not sure where you want to go to college? We can help you pick your target school and figure out what should be your target ACT score. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Sciencelesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dora Seigel About the Author As an SAT/ACT tutor, Dora has guided many students to test prep success. She loves watching students succeed and is committed to helping you get there. Dora received a full-tuition merit based scholarship to University of Southern California. She graduated magna cum laude and scored in the 99th percentile on the ACT. She is also passionate about acting, writing, and photography. 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Proposed Interpretation to a Dilemma Faced Prime Minister Essay

Proposed Interpretation to a Dilemma Faced Prime Minister - Essay Example The Prime Minister may just cause the revocation of the appointment made to her daughter by instructing or influencing the board members who have a final say on the election of her daughter. The Prime Minister must remember that the position upon which appointment was made in favor of her daughter was not a confidential one under him for which the Prime Minister may find exemption under the existing laws of Canada. If the Prime Minister cannot avoid conflict on interest through revoking the appointment by his influence, the Prime Minister could still avail of some mitigation measure. 3.2 Disclosure of Financial and other material interest of the daughter. Under existing regulations conflict of interest could be controlled by disclosing the extent to which decisions could be affected reason of having relatives in the office for which any public official may be involved with. It is a recognized principle in good business practice that disclosing the possible source of conflict of inter est might at least prevent the instance of such public interest as the public is warned that the appointed daughter may not be inclined to enter into any contract that would redound to her personal interest. Thus the practice of requiring high-ranking government officials to disclose financial information on her assets such as stock, debts such as loans, and/or corporate positions held, typically annually or as required by existing rules may be appropriate in the case of the daughter of the Prime Minister.

Midterm Report Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Midterm Report - Term Paper Example However, the actual writing process enabled me to encounter, firsthand, the challenges entailed and how to address them. This is the case particularly in the context of my abilities and resources. To put it another way, the theories that the source texts and lectures provide are general concepts. Their actual application in my case - has given me interesting and valuable insights because it is contextualized to my own capabilities and resources. Another important skill that I was able to develop was the ability to design and adhere to a method or a system to complete specific writing tasks. Personally, it is challenging for me to focus on a particular element in the process so it is easy to be lost or digress. For instance, I used to write according to the flow of my thoughts. Often, this leads to redundant or unnecessary contents that I am forced to edit out. In this respect, I came to recognize the importance of outline and structure, which according to Riordan (2013), is crucial in helping the reader grasp the information provided (p.14). The same can be said in the area of teamwork. In group activities and research, there is an imperative for a roadmap that details roles, relationships and outcomes so that each member contributes meaningfully to the achievement of objectives. In the course of writing this progress report, I came to realize that there are still areas which I need to improve on. I noticed, for instance, that I still find it challenging to differentiate technical writing from other forms of writing that I am used to such as the essay format, which requires personal inputs and opinion. Sometimes, it is inevitable for me to include a comment on cited information. I have identified a way to address this problem. Aside from the familiarization of the rules in technical writing, it is important for me to think about

Oedipus Rex Essay Example for Free

Oedipus Rex Essay I believe the main point Sophocles was trying to convey in the story â€Å"Oedipus Rex† was that you have to be accountable for your actions. He shows this by the use of dramatic, situational, and many more different kinds of irony. Sophocles also uses foreshadowing to show how Oedipus needs to be accountable for his actions. Sophocles is teaching his audience an important life lesson. Sophocles shows his audience that you have to be accountable for your own actions. He does this by showing the audience that no one could have stopped Oedipus from fulfilling his life’s prophecy. In the play â€Å"Oedipus Rex† Sophocles tells the story of a man, who is now king of Thebes. He was born in a different land and was told a prophecy that he would kill his own father and wed his mother. When he heard this he fled from the land and came to Thebes where he claimed the throne and became their king. Oedipus is a head strong person. Who often doesn’t think before he speaks, such as when he says, â€Å"And for myself I pray that if he should, with my knowledge, become a resident of my house, I may suffer the same things which I have just called down on others. Oedipus says this not knowing that he himself is the murderer and that he will punish himself. Oedipus also makes judgments and decisions before he knows all the facts. One example of this is when Creon says, â€Å"Kinswoman, Oedipus, your husband, wants to do one of two terrible things to me, either thrust me from the land of my fathers or to arrest and slay me. † Oedipus is so angry with Creon that he does not think before accusing him even though Creon is trying to protect Oedipus. Since Oedipus’ character is flawed it helps support Sophocles’ point of saying that you are accountable for your own actions. This is shown the best when Oedipus tells his wife, Jocasta, that while he was traveling to Thebes he ran into a man on the road who tried to push Oedipus from the path. Oedipus, having a short temper, struck out and slayed all the men in and leading the carriage. This was not a good thing to do in the first place, but what Oedipus did not realize was that the man in the carriage was Laius. Laius was the former king of Thebes and was Oedipus’ biological father. When he killed Laius he fulfilled half of his prophecy. This fulfillment is also an example of situational irony. It is situational irony because Oedipus believed he would be the hero and banish the murderer of Laius from the land. He believed he would end all the suffering, but in fact he was the murderer. Another example of irony that supports Sophocles’ idea that you are accountable for your actions is when Oedipus says, â€Å"†¦ who declared that I was doomed to slay my father? But he is dead, and lies beneath the earth, and here I am, not having put my hand to any spear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is dramatic irony. Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows more than the characters in the story. In which case things said and events in the story take on different meanings to the characters and to the audience. In this case Oedipus thinks he has overcome his life’s prophecy because he did not kill the man he believed to be his father. But the audience knows that Oedipus’ real father is Laius. The audience also knows that Laius was the man on the road that Oedipus murdered. So to the audience this just ads to the suspense of Oedipus finding out that he is the murderer. Foreshadowing also plays a huge role in showing Sophocles’ point that you are accountable for your own actions. In the play, Oedipus Rex, foreshadowing is used in the lines said by Jocasta, â€Å"No. Soon after he returned and found you ruling in Laius’ stead, he pled with me, with hand laid on mine, to send him to the fields, to the pastures of the flocks, that he might be far from the sight of this town. † This is foreshadowing because the audience knows that the man fled because he saw Oedipus, the same man who had murdered his king, ruling the city. Oedipus though only now is starting to question the event in which he killed men on the same road that the Laius was killed on. This is a foreshadowing of Oedipus finding out that he is Laius’ son and that he fulfilled the prophecy by killing his father and marrying his mother. Sophocles was trying to convey the message that you are responsible for your actions because you never know what might happen because of your mistakes. He shows this message in â€Å"Oedipus Rex†. He uses irony, foreshadowing and the flaws in Oedipus’ character to relay his message.

Internet Security Essay -- essays research papers

Security on the Internet How do you secure something that is changing faster than you can fix it? The Internet has had security problems since its earliest days as a pure research project. Today, after several years and orders of magnitude of growth, is still has security problems. It is being used for a purpose for which it was never intended: commerce. It is somewhat ironic that the early Internet was design as a prototype for a high-availability command and control network that could resist outages resulting from enemy actions, yet it cannot resist college undergraduates. The problem is that the attackers are on, and make up apart of, the network they are attacking. Designing a system that is capable of resisting attack from within, while still growing and evolving at a breakneck pace, is probably impossible. Deep infrastructure changes are needed, and once you have achieved a certain amount of size, the sheer inertia of the installed base may make it impossible to apply fixes. The challenges for the security industry are growing. With the electronic commerce spreading over the Internet, there are issues such as nonrepudiation to be solved. Financial institutions will have both technical concerns, such as the security of a credit card number or banking information, and legal concerns for holding individuals responsible for their actions such as their purchases or sales over the Internet. Issuance and management of encryption keys for millions of users will pose a new type of challenge. While some technologies have been developed, only an industry-wide effort and cooperation can minimize risks and ensure privacy for users, data confidentiality for the financial institutions, and nonrepudiation for electronic commerce. With the continuing growth in linking individuals and businesses over the Internet, some social issues are starting to surface. The society may take time in adapting to the new concept of transacting business over the Internet. Consumers may take time to trust the network and accept it as a substitute for transacting business in person. Another class of concerns relates to restricting access over the Internet. Preventing distribution of pornography and other objectionable material over the Internet has already been in the news. We can expect new social hurdles over time and hope the great benefits of the Internet will continue to ove... ...o that its confidentiality and integrity are preserved. That is, the data remains secret to those who do not posses the secret key, and modifications to the cipher text can be detected during decryption. Two of the most popular symmetric ciphers are the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA). The DES algorithm operates on blocks of 64 bits at a time using a key length of 56 bits. The 64 bits are permuted according to the value of the key, and so encryption with two keys that differently in one bit produces two completely different cipher texts. The most popular mode of DES is called Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, where output from previous block are mixed with the plaintext of each block. The first block is mixed with the plaintext of each block. The block uses a special value called the Initialization Vector. Despite its size and rapid growth, the Web is still in its infancy. So is the software industry. We are just beginning to learn how to develop secure software, and we are beginning to understand that for our future, if it is to be online, we need to incorporate security into the basic underpinnings of everything we develop.

A Visit to the Zoo

A visit to a zoo is one of the most enthralling and exciting things. It is an interesting way to let the children see animals, which they cannot see otherwise. A visit to a zoo is an entertaining activity not just for children but also for adults as it increases their knowledge and makes them wonder at the marvellous of nature. During our educational tour to Delhi, last month, we were also taken to the zoo as it is near the old fort. The zoo is one of the largest in the country spread in a vast area of 35 acres, approximately. The zoo is thickly vegetated with a large variety of birds and animals. We firstly visited the Birds’ section, which was a colourful treat to our eyes. This section was echoing with the chirping of the birds all over. The multi-coloured birds were twittering all over, we saw the graceful pelicans, lovely kingfishers and the cranes, the dignified swans, and peacocks, peahens, sparrows of different kinds, nightingales, Siberian cranes, storks, ducks, the wild parrot and a wide variety of mountain birds. Next we went to the Animals’ section. It was amazing to see the tigers, lions, cheetahs, leopards, bears, rhinoceros, hippopotamuses, elephants, giraffes, zebras, antelopes, stages, horses, and rabbits etc. the Deer, Antelopes and Stages were very active and alert. The Hares and Rabbits were naughty while the tall giraffes and twin-coloured zebras were busy eating or grazing. The rhinoceros and Hippopotamuses seemed to be very lazy. But they were interesting to look at with their huge and bulky bodies. We were hypnotized by their massive size. The Tiger, Leopards, Cheetahs, Bears were huge and fearful to look at. The sharp teeth and claws were very frightening. The king of the jungle was awesome in his den. His loud roar echoed and reverberated up to the skies. We all could watch him for hours together. The best attraction, however, were the Monkeys, Chimpanzees, Baboons, Gorillas etc. They were so amusing with their pranks and swinging tails. We kept on watching them for a long time. Some other spectators gave them groundnuts to eat. We did not want to go ahead and leave the Monkey’s section, as we could never tire from watching them eat and swing from one branch to another. But, alas, we had to move on. Lastly, we went to the Reptiles’ section. We saw the Crocodiles lying in the sun and a wide variety of Snakes, Cripers and Cobras. Some of them hissed when we knocked at their glass frames and others were coiled up and did not bother to see us. We also saw many kinds of fishes, but they were not many in number. We visited the entire zoo and it took us a few hours to enjoy the vast expanse. Walking around made us feel hungry, so we decided to eat as soon as were to. It took us another half an hour to get out of the zoo. We enjoyed the lunch and proceed to see other places. The visit was an extremely knowledgeable one. We saw so many birds and animals in real. Until now we had seen them only in books or on television. But when saw them in real for the first time; we realized how wonderful and marvelous, the nature is. We wondered at the vast variety it presents us with and how we city people do not have much time and opportunity to see such marvels. We really enjoyed our visit to the zoo and made up our minds to visit many more such places. When we returned, we also prepared a file, posted pictures of animals on internet which we saw in the zoo and whose snaps we had taken and wrote the information about the animals As a kid, I always loved going to the zoo. I was fortunate in that when I was little, my family lived within walking distance of the municipal zoo. I was also fortunate in that at the time, it was one of the very best in the USA. These days, I'm an expatriate living with my wife on a subtropical paradise whose main civilian industry is the tourist trade. Okinawa has perhaps one of the best aquariums in the whole world in the Churaumi Aquarium. In addition to the aquarium, they have several privately owned zoos that have been built for the benefit of the tourism trade as well as a host of petting zoos scattered across the island. They also have one municipally owned and operated zoo that due to a host of reasons has seen better days. The children's zoo in centrally located Okinawa City is a huge place. In addition to the municipal zoo, the park hosts a children's interactive learning facility, a huge park with a manmade lake, paddle boats, and an amphitheatre capable of hosting concerts and shows. Once upon a time, it even had its very own amusement park complete with a Ferris wheel, rollercoaster and a host of thrill rides. Every year on Children's Day, a national holiday in Japan, they open the doors to the public free of charge. Additionally, every Christmas season, the whole park is decorated appropriate to the holiday season and opened in the evening hours so everyone can enjoy the holiday lights. During these two times of the year, the park actually lives up to its potential. The rest of the year, the park and zoo are dismally disappointing. Attendance is extremely poor on the weekends and practically non-existent during the rest of the week. During the school summer vacation season, when attendance should be up, it's not. In part this is due to the oppressive heat and humidity here. Tourists and their families are more often than not, prefer to stay at a luxury resort and enjoy the first class amenities offered right at the hotel. Local people head for the air conditioned comfort of the shopping malls. Even opening the zoo during the evening hours when the temperatures are more agreeable hasn't helped. The biggest problem with the Okinawa zoo is that a large part of the facility is rather old and as such, inadequate. Lions and tigers live in tiny cages and are almost invisible. Although the whole park is more than adequate in size, only a tiny portion of the facility is utilized by the zoo. It would be nice to see a greater effort to see the facility updated and expanded with new and spacious facilities for some of the more exotic animals such as those already mentioned. Progress here is slow. On the plus side, the zoo now boasts a facility for some new Asian elephants and the giraffe area is huge. There is a new reptile house for all the snakes and an air conditioned elevator that makes the zoo, situated on a steep hillside, more accessible for the elderly as well as those who, due to no fault of their own, were previously unable to enjoy the facility. Another plus side is a dedicated staff. We found everyone we encountered on our trip ready, willing and able to assist us. One young lady keeping the animals was especially accommodating. While busy with her tasks, she noticed our cameras and the problems we were having taking pictures through the mesh screens in the bird and bat house. As we were leaving, she ran after us with a Ryukyu Flying Fox that she raised from a baby. She brought it out of the cages and allowed us to photograph it in a more natural setting. The really great thing about the Okinawa Children's Zoo is that it is so affordable. Admission for adults is only 500 Yen, about $4. 50 U. S. Children can enter the park for 300 Yen with infants and toddlers being free of charge. For the price of one take out pizza, a family of four can enjoy several hours of quality time together so it's well worth the price of admission In a crowded city such as Manhattan, it was no wonder that a man like Jerry felt lonely. He was without a friend, a mother and father, and the typical â€Å"wife, two children, and a dog,† that many others had. Jerry was thrown in a world that he felt did not want him, and his human flaw of wanting to escape loneliness led to his tragic death. In Edward Albee’s play, The Zoo Story, all Jerry wanted was to be heard and understood, and in the end, after sharing his life story with a complete stranger, he got his final wish – death. The Zoo Story not only tells of the alienation of man in modern society, but also reflects the philosophy of twentieth century existentialism.

Christians Should Not Take Part In Sport Or Shopping Essay

The important thing about this statement is that it can be argued two ways. Many people would see sport or shopping as a chore therefore related to work. Others would argue that it is a leisure activity and it is not work. With this in mind the church instated a law saying that all Catholics must attend mass on a Sunday. The Catholic Church itself has no laws or restrictions about shopping or playing sport on a Sunday. By tradition Sunday was the holy day separated and set aside by the fact the mass going was essential to the day’s activities. In The Old testament there is a saying in the book of Ecclesiastes saying there is a set and provide time for everything which basically means people should balance out there time between things. In today’s society were everything is on the move and rushed priorities should be examined and people should use the gift of time wisely. God himself as many believed set down the day of worship. Sunday has three main important events, wh ich coincide with this day. One: Jesus rose from the dead on this day.  Two: Sunday was the first Day of the week and the first day of creation.  Three: Jesus sent down the Holy Spirit On The Pentecost.  Sunday is also a day of celebration when Catholics come together to give praise to God and to thank God for what he has given all of them.  Sport nowadays has become big business for all involved. Among all the big names in sport no one objects to playing on Sundays because of all of the money involved. This is just a small list of all the sports that are being played on Sundays Although sport is played on money for reasons other the money many include because of TV rights and because of sponsors. Christians should not take part on sport on Sunday because sport is seen as work in the church’s eyes. Many values are expressed in sport such as sportsmanship, fairplay etc.  Shopping is the second of the changing faces of Sunday is becoming the most popular one. Many family lifestyles revolve around the parents work and therefore many parents only get to see their children at the weekends. The weekend is often regarded as the days to get the shopping done and many rely on Sunday heavily. Since seven day shopping was legalised in 1977, many have taken advantage over the law. Teresa Murray head of the N. Ireland Region Of Shopping Centres said â€Å"Sunday Shopping has become like a leisure pursuit for families and has become an important trading day for people in business.† Business provides a service and depending on the demand it either succeeds or fails and on Sunday nowadays shopping has become a demand so in order to make money business open for the maximum hours allowed which is six. Many working families don’t have much time to spend so end up using Sunday to spend time with there children or getting tings that they could get during the week such as grocery shopping. All the added time spend on Sundays has increased the employment needed for Sundays. Bob Gourley head of N. Ireland Shop Worker’s Union said â€Å"they had been opposed to the Sunday trading laws and had in fact boycotted them for many years but however hard they try Sunday trading has become a reality. Our workers only work on Sunday where it is done by agreement†

Case 2-1 Carson Container Company Essays

Case 2-1 Carson Container Company Essays Case 2-1 Carson Container Company Essay Case 2-1 Carson Container Company Essay Case Questions 1. What problems does Carson Container Company have that will affect its communications? Carson’s decentralized approach to procurement was indicative of its overall strategy toward dealing with its constituencies including employees, customers, shareholders, and communities. This decentralized strategy has affected the Carson’s communications. 2. What specific problems does Mr. Haskell have as a result of his communications to materials managers? As a result of Mr. Haskell’s communications to materials managers, over the next few days, responses came in from all but a few plants. However, over the next several weeks, the headquarters heard nothing from the plants about contracts being negotiated with suppliers. Mr. Haskell’s initiative to centralize the company’s procurement procedures was not implemented successfully, and the usual procedures for that time of year continued. 3. How would you analyse this case in terms of the expanded corporate communication strategy framework (Figure 2. 2)? The expanded corporate communication strategy framework has four important elements such as messages, organization, constituencies, and constituency responses. I would analyse this case from the 4 perspectives as the following: (a)Messages: The communication channel used by Mr. Haskell is memo and sent to 30 plant material managers. Carson as a large regional manufacturer in the United States, I think memo is not effective and strong enough to convey this important message to 30 plants. Furthermore, the decentralized and uncoordinated procurement procedures of the company has been carried for a long time, hence when Mr. Haskell intended to do a revolution, it will be more difficult. In this case, Mr. Haskell needs to put more effort on choosing the communication channel and structuring the messages’ contents. (b)Organization: The Carson and Mr. Haskell wanted to centralize the company’s procurement procedures and reduce the number of suppliers overall. The resources or Carson such as money, human resources and time needed to be considered during the implementation of the new procurement process. However, Mr. Haskell did not put consideration on the human resources and time dealing with this new procurement process. The Carson has 30 plants and many employees under procurement department; hence, it is not wise to have Mr. Haskell himself and his assistant, Patricia only to deal with the 30 plant material managers. Apparently, the human resource arrangement is not enough on this matter. Besides, the time chose to run this new procurement process was not appropriate because the time chose was the busiest period for procurement department, hence they would easily neglected the new procurement process. Therefore, the objective of the Carson and Mr. Haskell could not be achieved effectively because the company did not do appropriate arrangement on the human resource and time arrangement. (c)Constituencies: The constituencies in this case are the 30 plants material managers located in United States regionally. Hence, the attitude of the 30 managers towards this topic is relatively important. However, the results showed that the managers were too busy and they did not put much concerns on this matter. Hence, the objective of Mr. Haskell was not achieved at the end. From this we could see that Mr. Haskell did not analyse its constituencies carefully. He did not understand the material managers’ attitude and opinion towards the new procurement process. He failed in understanding and analysing the constituencies’ attitude, feelings and opinions which resulted in his failure of implementing the new procurement process. (d)Constituency responses: The constituency did not respond in the way the Carson and Mr. Haskell wished and they did not concern about the matter. The communication between Mr. Haskell and the constituencies has failed and definitely the objective was not accomplished in a desired manner. 4. What advice would you give Haskell to help solve his and Carson’s problems? I suggest Haskell to put these things into consideration in order to help solve his and Carson’s problems: (a)Constituencies and their responses: Haskell should analyse his constituencies including the primary constituencies such as the material managers and employees and also the secondary constituencies such as the suppliers. Specifically, Haskell should at least communicate with the 30 plants material managers to understand and research on their opinions and suggestion towards the new procurement method. He can do a survey or organize a video conference with all the managers to discuss about the topic. From the results of the communication, he could determine whether the new procurement method is a wise method and how he should carry out the new plan. (b)Messages: Haskell should put more efforts on delivering and structuring the message that he intended to send to all the material managers. He should choose multiple channels such as video conference, email, or intranet in order to deliver the message more effectively. A visual communication could be carried in order to increase the possibility and awareness of the constituencies. Besides, he could structure better of the message such as emphasizing the objective strongly and input some sentences that shows the much concern of the board of directors towards the new procurement process. (c)Organization: I suggest Haskell to set up a small committee who accounts for the whole research, implementation, development and evaluation of the new procurement process. This small committee should involve at least four to five professionals to keep track with the project. Hence, the new procurement procedure can be carried and improved in order to meet the objective which is to centralized the procurement procedure and reduce the number of suppliers overall. Besides, the implementation of the new policy should not be allocated at a busy or peak period of the procurement department. They should at least allow one month to each plant to execute the new procedure.

Definition and Examples of Word Grammar (WG)

Definition and Examples of Word Grammar (WG) Word grammar is a general theory of language structure which holds that grammatical knowledge is largely a body (or network) of knowledge about words. Word grammar (WG) was originally developed in the 1980s by British linguist Richard Hudson (University College London).   Observations [Word Grammar theory] consists of the [following] generalization: A language is a network of entities related by propositions. -Richard Hudson, Word Grammar Dependency RelationsIn WG, syntactic structures are analyzed in terms of dependency relations between single words, a parent and a dependent. Phrases ​are defined by dependency structures which consist of a word plus the phrases rooted in any of its dependents. In other words, WG syntax does not use phrase structure in describing sentence structure, because everything that needs to be said about sentence structure can be formulated in terms of dependencies between single words. -Eva Eppler Language as a NetworkThe conclusions so far, then, are more or less uncontroversial:[T]he idea of language as a conceptual network actually leads to new questions and highly controversial conclusions. The words network and conceptual are both contentious. We start with the notion of language as a network. In WG, the point of this claim is that language is nothing but a networkthere are no rules, principles, or parameters to complement the network. Everything in language can be defined formally in terms of nodes and their relations. This is also accepted as one of the main tenets of cognitive linguistics. -Richard Hudson, Language Networks: The New Word Grammar.   Word Grammar (WG) and Construction Grammar (CG)The central claim of WG is that language is organized as a cognitive network; the major consequence of this claim is that the theory eschews part-whole structures such as are central in Phrase Structure Grammar.   Phrases are not basic to WG analyses and so the central unit of organization within WG is the dependency, which is a pairwise relationship between two words. In this respect, the theory is different from Construction Grammar (CG), because WG has no level of analysis which is larger than the word and  the (pairwise) dependency which associates two words. . . . There are, however, some key points of similarity between WG and CG: both theories assume a symbolic relationship between the units  of syntax and an associated semantic structure; both theories are usage based;  both theories are declarative; both theories have a structured lexicon; and both theories exploit default inheritance. -Nikolas Gisborne, Dependencies Are Constructions: A Case Study in Predicative Complementation.   Sources Richard Hudson,  Word Grammar. Blackwell, 1984Eva Eppler, Word Grammar and Syntactic Code-Mixing Research.  Word Grammar: New Perspectives, ed. K. Sugayama and R. Hudson. Continuum, 2006Richard Hudson,  Language Networks: The New Word Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2007Nikolas Gisborne, Dependencies Are Constructions: A Case Study in Predicative Complementation.  Constructional Approaches to English Grammar, ed. by  Graeme Trousdale and Nikolas Gisborne. Walter de Gruyter, 2008

Strategic plan for one of the companies listed on Forbes International Essay

Strategic plan for one of the companies listed on Forbes International Top Ten list - Essay Example In today’s modern era, every company strives to dominate its market. In order to gain any market segment, a company must have a business strategic plan implemented to achieve its goals. Each year Forbes.com comes with a list of top corporations that are excelling in their market. One of the firms that have made a dramatic impact in its industry is Toyota. Toyota is one of the few companies that has the honor to claim itself as â€Å"not only the best automaker in the world, but also maybe the best corporation†. This paper will discuss the strategic management of Toyota and its quest to become the market leader in its industry. One of the most unique strategic planning that Toyota has implemented is to employee top management positions from Japan. Although this move might not work for every corporation, Toyota has the reputation to preserve its brand reputation. From design to corporate decisions, all operations take place in Tokyo[2]. The reason for this is clearly expl ained by John Paul MacDuffee, a professor at local university as he states, â€Å"This is about a greater maturity about globalizing and transferring knowledge that Toyota certainly has at this point.†[2]. In addition, these executives decided to ask their suppliers to reduce their cost by 30%. Management understood that every little step taken by them will influence the company in the long-run. By building a solid environment of knowledge and design, Toyota is able to utilize mass production methods[1]. How is this achieved? Well, the company is a firm believer in the Just-in-time â€Å"lean production.† Toyota’s lean manufacturing system is a critical for its strategic planning by enhancing the flow of work [1]. In addition, it focuses to reduce the organization’s waste, which dramatically increases customer value. Moreover, it levels of production level which eliminates unevenness in its manufacturing system. Just-in-time improves organization's return on investment, quality, and efficiency[1]. Undoubtedly, much of the success that Toyota has enjoyed is due to this model that is collaborated and implemented through planning and executive models. The current strategic planning for Toyota is to introduce a new line of hybrid cars. As humanity progresses to the 21st century, society has becoming more environmental friendly. Hence, Toyota saw this as an opportunity to expand its line of cars. Hence, it decided to invest heavily in research and development in order to build hybrid-electric vehicles [3]. Toyota’s ability to fund in development was critical as it poured millions of dollars without hurting its capital budget. After years of researching, Toyota decided to aggressively showcase its new hybrid Camry and Highlander, two cars that are known for quality and durability [3]. However, it was met by a tough rival as Ford introduced its newest S.U.V at the same time where Toyota showcased its news Prius. While other companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s struggled to design hybrid cars that produced revenue, Toyota was already enjoying decent profits. Interestingly enough, the company never attempts to make any bold of false promises as other companies. Toyota executives acknowledged the fact that gas prices will continue to rise as oil becomes scarce. Furthermore, it was clear that creating an automobile that was â€Å"environmental friendly† is clearly going to be the future of the industry[3]. Hence, by carefully forecasting the

Starbucks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Starbucks - Case Study Example However, today the luxury industry has seen some dramatic changes in changed market conditions. Increase in global competition has changed supply and demand patterns for the market according to Roux and Floch (1996) whereas Arghavan and Zaichkowsky( 2000) feel that it is counterfeited luxury goods that has changed the market conditions. Some feel that economic hardships have also changed market conditions. The changed market conditions have raised new challenges for marketing strategists of luxury brands. One thing is clear that no brand can claim that it is recession-proof even though one can find many instances where luxury brands have done well during recession. For instance, Rolls-Royce reported an increase in its in sales in 2008 and Hermes, a designer bag maker is also faring well. Luxury brands have to discover new and different ways in order to stay ahead. Luxury goods marketing men have to become more creative and cost conscious in order to make a success of the brands. Patrick Chalhoub, Joint CEO, Chalhoub Group, feels that in times of recession companies must have the ability to adapt and compete in the changed circumstances. According to him, "Times of recession bring an emphasis on change for both product and brand. Some of them may not have the capacity to adapt, compete or reinvest, while others will thrive in these circumstances†. Starbucks can be taken as an example on how things can go wrong in changed conditions. Starbucks Corporation that was founded in 1971 has its headquarters in Seattle, Washington. This chain of coffee houses saw tremendous growth and success and by 2007 had more than 15000 stores around the world. But suddenly in 2007 its performance slipped and its share prices began to decline. A combination of reasons, recession and overexpansion among them, was the cause of this decline. It had to bring back Howard Schultz to revive the company. This paper discusses the challenges of

Foreign Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Foreign Policy - Research Paper Example From there, as regards the incumbent, a voter will decide if that president really did all he could do to achieve his promises to the American people. There, of course, can be extenuating circumstances as to why one or more goals were not achieved and this factor, or factors, should also be taken into consideration for the overall summary. Barack Obama and his administration have delivered most of the promises made four years ago, and for not kept, there are certainly circumstances that affect the American people, and Obama as well, that no one can do anything about. In choosing to support Obama’s foreign policy, the reason is that he has done the most of any recent presidents to bring peace between America and the rest of world, in so much as he has been able to do so. OUTLINE OF BARACK OBAMA’S FOREIGN POLICY SUCCESSES The Obama/Biden website shows how he has ended the war in Iraq, returning control and security to the people of Iraq so that they can conduct their affa irs on their own. While there are certainly still problems on the ground between Muslim sects, these are issues that must be controlled and solved by the ruling party of Iraq. At this point, it is not up to America to rule this country or to provide more help in the way of troops and arms. Those that the Americans military have trained, are now fully sufficient to take care of matters on their own. Obama has kept his promise to bring home the troops in Iraq and this has brought peace to Iraq (Barack Obama web). Living in the Middle East, the consequences of his influence is plain to see in how he has helped to promote peace through several countries when he has supported the overthrow of dictators’ regimes, leaders who have terrorized their people for decades. He has gone out of his way to promote cordial relationships with new leaders and encourage and supported the new regimes put in place by each country’s people. From there, he does not interfere further with a cou ntry’s politics but instead, supports from afar, what new regimes are trying to do for their people (Barack Obama web). Governor Mitt Romney, however, while promoting peace also, would be more inclined to put troops on the ground should the occasion arise. This creates the potential for another possible war, which no one wants. Romney also stands very firmly on the position of the red line which is held on Iran, a potential spot for nuclear development, and Romney has indicated he would go to war should Iran bomb Israel. While Obama will be cutting defense expenditures, Romney intends to eliminate that action and instead, double the money to the military to make sure they have everything they need. It is not clear how he would get the money however (Arquilla web). Other points to be made here is that Obama has set the deadline for American troops in Afghanistan to come home in 2013 and currently has also had American troops teach local Afghan troops how to use and bear arms s o that they, too, will also be the peacekeepers in Afghanistan, much as those in Iraq currently are. Al-Qaeda has been significantly weakened in the Middle East since the beginning of the Iraqi war, allowing for the peoples here in many countries to experience freedom in living their daily lives. (Barack Obama web). Obama has also met with many of the leaders in the Middle East to help promote the end of nuclear weapons, particularly where Iran and North Korea are

How Women Are Affected By Poverty Sociology Essay

How Women Are Affected By Poverty Sociology Essay In recent years, focus has been on discovering if poverty is gendered, that is to say to what extent women may be more at threat of poverty than men. In this essay I shall be discussing how women are affected by poverty and what factors lead to women being poorer than men. Peter Townsend et al (1987) have argued that there has been a feminisation of poverty, this term may be understood in various ways, it may refer to the increased risk of poverty or the increased visibility of womens poverty it may also refer to the reconstruction of poverty from a womans viewpoint. It is difficult to compare the poverty of men and women because statistics are usually based on households and this suggests that household incomes are shared evenly between adult members. Glendinning and Millar (1987 maintain that men get a larger share in most cases and this may echo their higher earning ability and the fact that in many households men still make the decisions of how money is spent. It has been shown that women are more likely to be poorer than men, although their poverty has often been masked behind studies that focused on male-headed households Ruspini (2000). Townsend acknowledges four groups which make up the majority of the female poor, these consist of women who take care of children and other dependents they are unpaid and are unable to take up employment. There are also lone women with children who dip in and out of employment. Then there are elderly women like pensioners who live alone. There are also women with low earnings where the incomes of others in the household do not contribute towards the total household income to enable the womens income to go over the poverty line. Women unquestionably tend to experience more poverty than men because their labour both unpaid and paid is undervalued, in addition women have always experienced work in a different way from men. A private and public split has always existed where women were seen as belonging in the private sphere of hearth and home and the ideologically constructed family, whereas men were seen as belonging in the public sphere of the market and the state. In terms of work, three main reasons for why womens poverty continues have been identified, the first is because a third of all women of working age still remain outside the labour market almost twice the proportion for men, they do not have equal access to the core of the labour market and they are disproportionately represented within part-time and lower paid jobs and on average women are paid less than men. The New Labour government has aimed to maximize labour force involvement by supporting (the idea of work-life balance) and trying to make it easier for people to merge paid work and family life. In-work benefits and tax credits were introduced as incentives however the working families tax credit has been more beneficial to women earners than those whose main income comes through male partners since it is more likely to be paid through the pay packet. The development of a National Childcare Strategy was also introduced but it does not measure up to the levels of childcare provi sion to be found in most other European countries. The second reason involves the responsibility women have for most of the tasks associated with social reproduction in the way of unpaid care work and domestic labour. The third reason is the sharing of income and resources within families, in the majority of cases this does not benefit women. Individuals can be poor in households with adequate incomes. This finding has important implications for policy initiatives aimed at the relief of poverty (Pahl 1989; Kempson 1996). Other forms of inequality have persisted within the public sphere, Gillian Pascall (1997) and others have argued that while women now make up a high proportion of the public sector workforce in healthcare, social work and education, they remain under represented in senior and management positions. This is characteristic of the sticky floor where women are concentrated in specific occupations with low pay and status and what they do at work is often similar to what they do at home, although the introduction of the minimum wage in April 1999 has been beneficial to women who are dependent on low paid work but not to other wage groups. Though most health service workers are women, most of the surgeons are men and it is largely men who control health and social services including services that concern women, for instance reproductive healthcare, as well as support for informal carers and the education system. This is typical of the glass ceiling where women are less likely to hold senior positions and when they do hold senior positions they have to work harder and for longer hours in jobs that are classed as mens work. In the 1970s 70 percent of managers were men and today 90 percent of judges are men. Anti discrimination legislation has sought to outlaw all forms of sex discrimination but this has mostly brought about advances for individual women but has not benefited all women although it has improved the practices of most employers as well as raising public awareness. While the education system no longer just prepares girls for domesticity, it is tending to equip them for sub- servient occupations especially in the public sector on the other hand it has also expanded womens options in the labour market. Despite the fact that women have been allowed to vote and participate in the democratic process on the same terms as men since 1928, in 2000 only 20 percent of Westminster Members of Parliament were women and in 2001 only 28 percent of local government councillors were women (EOC 2001). Although there has been a feminisation of the labour market, the increase in womens workforce participation can have disastrous effects on their health because of the double burden they have to shoulder, at home they take care of children and perform domestic tasks which are unpaid as well as doing their paid job. The General Household Survey of 1998 showed that the majority of carers were women who provided more than a hundred hours of care per week which was far more than any paid worker would do. It has been shown that caring is costly in various ways, for one there is loss of earnings and the rate of adults providing care who are in paid employment is low, the effect is even greater for women than men and greatest of all in the case of a mother providing care for a disabled child Arber and Ginn(1995): Baldwin (1985). In addition costs that are associated with disability like house adaptations to accommodate special equipment and higher transport costs. There is also the cost to the carer in terms of the stress and strain (Glendinning and Millar1992; Pahl 2006). Social policy is beginning to acknowledge the contribution of carers, one way was the introduction of the Carers Act 1985 which imposed an obligation on local authorities, however the support that carers receive is still limited. Financial support is also provided by the social security system with benefits like carers allowance and disabled persons tax credit for low paid disabled workers. There are also many ways in which care can be paid for Ungerson (2000); see also Ungerson (2006). The way social security is arranged and its effects on women can be attributed to the architects of the welfare system who were so used to patriarchal assumptions about respective roles of male breadwinners and female homemakers that the National Insurance system for example was founded on the idea that married women would mainly be financially dependent on their husbands and although obvious biased elements have since been removed, the inheritance of the assumptions on which the system was founded remains. Lewis and Piachaud (1992) demonstrated that women have always been poorer than men by showing the proportion of women amongst adults in receipt of poor relief or social assistance was at around 60 percent and was the same at the end of the 20th century. Women are the main recipients of most benefits and rely more on means tested benefits even though it means greater personal scrutiny, rather than contribution based benefits like jobseekers allowance, incapacity benefit and industrial injury benefit because these types of benefit rely on the recipient having been employed, and for women their work patterns are sometimes interrupted when they take time out to raise children and therefore their national insurance contributions are affected. Women are also in some cases hidden claimants because they receive benefits as dependents of male breadwinners, and for this reason, the welfare state may also function directly to make women dependent on men, although housing and social security provision has provided at least some measure of independence to women like those escaping from violent or dysfunctional relationships. Donzelot (1979) has observed that families seem to have extended functions and are subject by the welfare state to greater levels of surveillance and control for example womens performance as mothers and informal carers may be subject to supervision by healthcare and social service professionals. The family has not lost its functions, but it has lost control. It is still the major arena for the care of dependents, but traditional female tasks are now defined and managed outside the family and by men. Pascall (1997: 23). This is seen in the cases of lone parents 90 percent of whom are women who will have social assistance benefits withdrawn if they should cohabit and they can be compelled to cooperate with the making of child support assessments against the father(s) of their child(ren). In terms of work the, mother -as-work policy ignores that child care is also work and lone mothers stand little chance of becoming equal stakeholders because they must be both breadwinners and carers, and the position at present is that lone mothers are likely to be praised for the paid work they do and condemned as welfare dependent for the unpaid work they do and the eradication of the Lone Parent Premium to income support which directly disadvantaged many lone parents most of whom are women. In recent years studies have shown that pensioners are far more likely than the working population to experience ongoing poverty, between 1998 and 2001, 18 percent of pensioners experienced persistent poverty as compared to 7 percent of the working population. Studies have also found that in recent decades older women and those from ethnic minorities are more likely to experience poverty than other pensioners. Findings from these studies led Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown to state in 2002: Our aim is to end pensioner poverty in our country. the introduction of a pension credit in October 2003 which guaranteed a minimum income of half of those people in this age group in the UK attempted to meet this goal but the success of this policy depends on all those entitled to claiming the benefit actually doing so Flaherty et al (2004). The majority of people over state pension age do retire from the labour market, but as longevity has increased the labour markets have tightened and retirement has become in Townsends words a kind of mass redundancy (1991:6). As a group, old peoples vulnerability to poverty is not as great as it was in the post second world war period, but this should not mask the fact that there is now greater inequality between older people than before. Since the number of old people both as a proportion of the total population and in absolute terms has grown this means that pensioner poverty is still a major issue. The employment of older people can be sensitive to changes in the labour market conditions and they may be shut out of jobs when the demand for labour falls. Age concern (see McEwan 1990), argue that older people are frequently subject to discrimination if they choose to re-enter the labour market often on mistaken assumptions about their reliability and adaptability. Additionally when older people do eventually become frail they suffer the same problems associated with disability. The lack of provision of universal pension in this country is out of sync with most industrialised countries, although the introduction of stakeholder pensions for people with no access to private pensions and the introduction of free eye tests has gone some way in helping pensioners at a disadvantage. Feminists tend to view welfare state provision as being important for improving womens lives but it also reinforces female dependency on men and the sexual division of labour. Some strands of feminism stress that women are closer to nature and are naturally more caring and less aggressive and they address the world in a different voice Gilligan (1982). Other strands of feminism discard this view and assert that the gendered nature of society is the exact product of power relations and patriarchy. It is a result of the dominance of men over women and can be rejected. So in conclusion, having assessed and considered all the evidence and studies on gender and poverty, it is clear that although successive governments have through legislation and policies attempted to lessen the poverty of women, the gap between the sexes still exists and women are still very disadvantaged and are poorer than men and a major reason is the structure of the welfare state which contributes to and reinforces the differences.

Essay --

The pharmaceutical companies continue to be accused of many unethical practices so the story of pharmaCARE comes as no surprise. The company started with good intentions but went down because of greed. It was a well-established company already famous for its integrity and high quality products. In the beginning, they were believed to enhance the quality of life around the world. The company continued to succeed due to its research and capitalized on a new breakthrough of a diabetes drug that they believed would help slow down the terrible progression of the Alzheimer’s disease. So after a few years, they created a subsidiary called CompCARE to be the â€Å"compounding pharmacy† to make the new drug named AD23. Because of the â€Å"supposed† success of this drug, it was in such high demand that CompCARE became to engage in methods outside the scope of what a compounding pharmacy is allowed to do, their practices pushed the limits and the end result was over 200 cardiac related deaths due to AD23. PharmaCare had several groups of people with stakes in what they had intended to achieve. These stakeholders in this scenario include PharmaCARE and CompCARE, one of its subsidiaries; both companies had high financial stakes in the success of AD23. There was also Wellco, a large drugstore chain, the employees of these 3 companies, the nation of Colberia and its citizens because their livelihood was tied to the success of AD23. Many of the social problems Colberia experienced like the destruction of its environment and consequently endangering of its native species through the company’s extensive activities and business practices came from PharmaCare. The company took advantage of the country’s low standard of living and its economic predicame... ...ng mean. When people are able to make that distinction, they’ll take the time to question themselves, and then question others’ actions including their reasoning and in this case, data rather than blindly accepting their decisions until the true situation comes to light. The failure with pharmaCARE started long before people started dying. PharmaCARE began to fail as soon the company felt it was ok to pay just a dollar a day to the Colberian people who didn’t know and felt they were being helped but instead were being exploited for their knowledge while their environment was being polluted. When CompCARE began to use unethical methods to get AD23 manufactured eventually leading to the deaths of more 200 people. It takes more than a statement â€Å"We CARE about YOUR world ®Ã¢â‚¬  to right the wrongs that all of this greed caused. Their actions must speak louder than words.

College Athletes Should Be Paid Essay

Tyus Jones was a basketball player at the University of Minnesota who was extremely talented on and off the court. In just his freshman year he won The University Of Minnesota their first national championship in 94 long years. Despite of Tyus’s on court abilities even with a full ride college scholarship Tyus was not able to afford the basic college life needs. To help out with the expenses Tyus got a job at the nearby Burger King, but after two short weeks he was forced to quit because it was impossible to manage school,basketball, and work. Tyus then realized he would have to get some form of help from the school to help him manage his spending. It should be required for all colleges to pay all their Division I athletes enough money for them to support themselves during the season. Tyus was lucky, he was very talented on the court which gave him some legal extra benefits, but some players are not that lucky. Some players have no options but to accept illegal benefits and can be suspended or even fined. Most athletes are so busy with school and their sport that they are not able to work on the side to earn money. Also college are paid millions and millions of dollars by large network companies like Nbc, Fox, and even Espn when the main reason their college is in the spotlight is because of these talented players who get nothing for making everything happen.

For the upcoming film based on the memoir Essay

Twelve Years a Slave (1853; sub-title: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a citizen of New-York, kidnapped in Washington city in 1841, and rescued in 1853, from a cotton plantation near the Red River in Louisiana), by Solomon Northup as told to David Wilson, is a memoir of a black man who was born free in New York state but kidnapped, sold into slavery and kept in bondage for 12 years in Louisiana before the American Civil War. He provided details of slave markets in Washington, DC, as well as describing at length cotton cultivation on major plantations in Louisiana. Published soon after Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Northup’s book sold 30,000 copies and was considered a bestseller.[1] It went through several editions in the nineteenth century. Supporting Stowe’s fictional narrative in detail, Northup’s first-hand account of his twelve years of bondage proved another bombshell[peacock term] in the nationalpolitical debate over slavery leading up to the Civil War, drawing endorsements from major Northern newspapers, anti-slavery organizations, and evangelical groups. After several editions in the 19th Century, the book fell into obscurity for nearly 100 years, until it was re-discovered by two Louisiana historians, Dr. Sue Eakin (Louisiana State University at Alexandria) and Dr. Joseph Logsdon (University of New Orleans).[2] In the early 1960’s they researched and retraced Solomon Northup’s journey[3] and co-edited a historically annotated version that was published by LSU Press in 1968. [4] A 2013 film based on the story and directed by Steve McQueen is scheduled for release by Fox Searchlight Pictures on October 18, 2013. Contents [hide] 1 Synopsis 2 Reception and historical value 3 Editions and adaptations 4 References 5 External links Synopsis[edit] In Upstate New York, black freeman Solomon Northup, a skilled carpenter and fiddler, is approached by two circus promoters who offer him a brief, high-paying job with their traveling circus. Without informing his wife, who is away at work in the next town, he travels with the strangers towards Washington DC in good spirits. One morning, he wakes to find himself drugged, bound, and in the cell of a slave pen. When Northup asserts his rights as a freeman, he is beaten and warned never again to mention his free life in New York. Transported by ship to New Orleans, Northup and other enslaved blacks contract smallpox and some die. In transit, Northup implores a sympathetic sailor to send a letter to his family. The letter arrives safely, but, lacking knowledge of his final destination, Northup’s family is unable to effect his rescue. Northup’s first owner is William Ford, a cotton planter on a bayou of the Red River, and he subsequently has several other owners during his twelve-year bondage. At times, his carpentry and other skills mean he is treated relatively well, but he also suffers extreme cruelty. On two occasions, he is attacked by a man who is to become his owner, John Tibeats, and finds himself unable to resist retaliating, for which he suffers great reprisals. Later he is sold to Edwin Epps, a notoriously cruel planter, who gives Northup the role of driver, requiring him to oversee the work of fellow slaves and punish them for undesirable behavior. Never, in almost 12 years, does he reveal his true history to a single slave or owner. Finally he confides his story in Samuel Bass, a white carpenter from Canada. Bass sends a letter to Northup’s wife, who calls on Henry Northup, a white attorney whose family once held and then freed Solomon Northup’s father. Henry Northup contacts New York state officials and the governor appoints him as an agent to travel to Louisiana and free Solomon Northup. He succeeds, and Solomon Northup leaves the plantation. After instigating a court case against the men who sold him into slavery, Northup is reunited with his family in New York. Reception and historical value[edit] Northup’s account describes the daily life of slaves at Bayou Boeuf in Louisiana, their diet and living conditions, the relationship between the master and slave, and the means that slave catchers had used to recapture runaways. Northup’s slave narrative has details similar to those of some other authors, such as Frederick Douglass, Harriet Ann Jacobs, or William Wells Brown, but he was unique in being kidnapped as a free man and sold into slavery. His book was a bestseller, rapidly selling 30,000 copies in the years before the American Civil War.[1] After additional printings in the 19th century, the book went out-of-print until 1968,[4] when historians Joseph Logsdon and Sue Eakin restored it to prominence. Dr. Eakin first discovered the story as a child growing up in Louisiana plantation country. Dr. Logsdon’s discovery occurred when a student from an old Louisiana family brought to class a copy of the original 1853 book that had been in her family for over a century. Together Logsdon and Eakin validated Solomon Northup’s tale by retracing his journey through Bayou Boeuf plantation country in central Louisiana where his bondage took place, through the slave sales records of New Orleans and Washington, D.C., and further documented his New York State origins, his father’s freeman’s decree, and the legal work which restored Northup’s freedom and prosecuted his abductors. In 1968, Eakin and Logsdon’s heavily footnoted edition of the original book was published by Louisiana State University Press, shedding new light on Northup’s story and establishing its historic significance. That book has been widely used by scholars and in classrooms for over fifty years and is still in print. In 1998 Logsdon received a call from scholars in upstate New York inviting him to participate in a search for Solomon’s grave, however bad weather prevented the search and Logsdon died the following June (1999). In 2007, Dr. Eakin completed development of an updated and expanded version that includes over 150 pages of new background material, maps, and photographs shortly before her death at age 90. In 2013, e-book and audiobook versions of her final definitive edition were released in her honor. With permission, scholars may use Eakin’s lifetime archives through The Sue Eakin Collection, LSU at Alexandria, La. The Joseph Logsdon Archives are available at the University of New Orleans. Historian Jesse Holland noted in a 2009 interview that he had relied on Northup’s memoir and detailed description of Washington in 1841 to identify the location of some slave markets. Holland has also researched the roles of ethnic African slaves as skilled laborers who helped build some of the important public buildings in Washington, including the Capitol and part of the original Executive Mansion.[5]